SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    1890, 1901, 1854, 1833, 1844, 1804, 1756, 
    1834, 1788, 1809, 1778, 1865, 2160, 
    1866
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'pl'

Query time 0.00040

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "9.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "dispatch"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "206",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 14,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 14,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`object_id` in (1890,1901,1854,1833,1844,1804,1756,1834,1788,1809,1778,1865,2160,1866)) and (`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`type` = 'p') and (`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`dispatch` = '') and (`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`lang_code` = 'pl'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "8.41",
        "eval_cost": "1.40",
        "prefix_cost": "9.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "23K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "name",
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "path",
        "lang_code"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
1756 ryz-czerwony-pelnoziarnisty-bio-1-kg-bio-planet 295/391/404
1778 ryz-jasminowy-bialy-bezglutenowy-bio-1-kg-bio-planet 295/391/404
1788 ryz-czerwony-pelnoziarnisty-bio-500-g-bio-planet 295/391/404
1804 ryz-czarny-pelnoziarnisty-bio-1-kg-bio-planet 295/391/404
1809 ryz-do-sushi-bio-500-g-bio-planet 295/391/404
1833 ryz-brazowy-dlugoziarnisty-bezglutenowy-bio-500-g-bio-planet 295/391/404
1834 ryz-czerwony-pelnoziarnisty-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/404
1844 ryz-brazowy-okragly-bio-500-g-bio-planet 295/391/404
1854 ryz-brazowy-dlugoziarnisty-bezglutenowy-bio-5-kg-horeca-bio-planet 295/391/404
1865 ryz-jasminowy-bialy-bezglutenowy-bio-500-g-bio-planet 295/391/404
1866 ryz-jasminowy-pelnoziarnisty-bio-500-g-bio-planet 295/391/404
1890 ryz-brazowy-dlugoziarnisty-bezglutenowy-bio-1-kg-bio-planet 295/391/404
1901 ryz-brazowy-dlugoziarnisty-bezglutenowy-bio-2-kg-bio-planet 295/391/404
2160 ryz-jasminowy-bialy-bezglutenowy-bio-800-g-the-planet 295/391/404