SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    1747, 1780, 1797, 1823, 1782, 1798, 1772, 
    1755, 1761, 1745
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'pl'

Query time 0.00036

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "7.01"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "dispatch"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "206",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 10,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`object_id` in (1747,1780,1797,1823,1782,1798,1772,1755,1761,1745)) and (`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`type` = 'p') and (`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`dispatch` = '') and (`cscartdevel`.`cscart_seo_names`.`lang_code` = 'pl'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "6.01",
        "eval_cost": "1.00",
        "prefix_cost": "7.01",
        "data_read_per_join": "16K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "name",
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "path",
        "lang_code"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
1745 tapioka-skrobia-z-manioku-bezglutenowa-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/386
1747 maka-gryczana-pelnoziarnista-bio-1-kg-bio-planet 295/391/386
1755 maka-z-konopi-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/386
1761 skrobia-kukurydziana-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/386
1772 maka-z-ciecierzycy-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/386
1780 maka-jaglana-bio-1-kg-bio-planet 295/391/386
1782 maka-ryzowa-pelnoziarnista-bezglutenowa-bio-1-kg-bio-planet 295/391/386
1797 maka-kasztanowa-bezglutenowa-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/386
1798 maka-teff-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/386
1823 maka-kukurydziana-bio-400-g-bio-planet 295/391/386